Depression Advisor

This review examines the nerurobiological mechanisms, risk factors, conceptual models, clinical challenges and management for individuals with antidepressant associated hypomania. Greater clarity is required regarding underlying biological mechanisms and the best treatment approaches to assist with clinical decision-making.

This systematic review further explores whether alterations of the HPA axis that are commonly found in patients with major depressive disorder are due to early life stress or whether the alterations are caused by the MDD itself.

Although brain stimulation techniques are not considered first-line treatments, these are often used in treatment-resistant depression, with electroconvulsive therapy representing the established best therapeutic option for treatment-resistant depression.

Personalized medicine “promises to move beyond data regarding the average effectiveness of treatments to identify the best treatment for any individual.” However, personalized medicine for depression necessitates “identifying characteristics of individuals that reliably predict differences in benefits and/or adverse effects of alternative depression treatments, including both biological and psychosocial treatments.”

Various studies have consistently shown associations between recessions and worsening mental health, as indicated by increased rates of depression.